What is ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder affecting children from early childhood.
Diagnosis of ADHD is usually made after the age of 5 years old. Children with ADHD may exhibit the following symptoms:
- Short attention span, and easy distractible
- Restlessness and Impulsivity
- Hyperactivity
These symptoms can become problematic when they are exaggerated compared with other children of the same age, and when they affect the child’s learning, family and social life.
What causes ADHD?
Recent research studies indicate that genetics may have a role in the development of ADHD in children. However, other factors such as social and environmental factors may also contribute to it.
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autistic Spectrum Disorder, have a higher likelihood of developing ADHD. It is important to note that poor parenting is not a direct cause of ADHD. Nonetheless, parents have a critical role to play in helping and managing their children with ADHD.
What are the Common Conditions Associated with ADHD?
Children with ADHD may experience co-occurring conditions that can impact their overall health and well-being. Some common co-occurring conditions include:
Learning Disabilities
Developmental delay or learning disabilities are common in children with ADHD. These may involve motor skills, language development, cognitive function, or social-emotional impairment.
Behavioural and Emotional Issues
Living with long term neurodevelopment disorder like ADHD can contribute to behavioural and emotional challenges in children. They may experience anxiety, depression, mood swings, or behavioural problems that require intervention and support.
Other neurological disorders, e.g. Tics & Tourette Syndrome, Epilepsy, cognitive impairment and coordination difficulties can also present in children with ADHD.
How is ADHD diagnosed?
A diagnosis of ADHD requires a specialist assessment by educational psychologist or clinical psychologist. The assessment will involve observing the child, recognising behaviour patterns, and obtaining reports of their behaviour at home and school.
Sometimes, a computerised test may aid the diagnosis.
Child psychiatrists or Paediatric Neurologists are equipped to prescribe medications, but it’s important to have a comprehensive clinical consultation first. During this session, your doctor will explore a range of treatment options and collaboratively create a personalised strategy to address the various aspects of ADHD. Our goal is to empower your child to thrive and achieve their fullest potential.
How are the Treatment Options for ADHD?
It is crucial for children with ADHD to receive support and assistance at home, in school, with friends, and in their community.
Not all children with ADHD need medication. However, for those with moderate to severe ADHD, medication can help manage symptoms by reducing hyperactivity and improving concentration. This can provide the child with a better opportunity to learn and develop new skills.
Pharmacological treatment options may include:
- Stimulants, e.g. methylphenidate
- Non-stimulants, e.g. atomoxetine
What Non-Stimulant Medications are Available in our Clinic?
We provide several non-stimulant options, including Atomoxetine. While these medications may not be as effective as stimulant treatments and are considered a second line of therapy, they can be beneficial for children who experience side effects from stimulant medications or have specific pre-existing conditions, such as epilepsy or heart issues, that make stimulant use less advisable.
These non-stimulant medications work gradually, so it’s important to allow a few weeks to see their full benefits. We’re here to support you in finding the most suitable treatment for your child’s needs.
What is the Role of Vitamins, Minerals, and Fish Oil in ADHD?
Research showed that Omega-3 may offer some benefits for individuals with ADHD. The Ministry of Health (Singapore) recommends Omega-3 supplements as a supportive addition to medical and behavioural treatments for ADHD.
One promising option is V-RIN, previously known as Vayarin. This specially formulated Omega-3 supplement is designed to target brain health and support ADHD symptoms by combining Phosphatidylserine (PS) and Omega-3 into a PS-Omega-3 complex. This complex can be effectively delivered to the brain, providing crucial nutrients and lipids that may be lacking in individuals with ADHD. For children who have difficulty swallowing pills, V-RIN capsules can be opened and mixed into beverages or yogurt, making it easier for them to consume. V-RIN is available at our clinic.
In addition to Omega-3, some smaller studies suggest that essential nutrients such as, Magnesium, Vitamin D, Vitamin B Complex, Zinc and Iron might also contribute positively to ADHD management. While parents exploring these supplements may not see drastic changes in their child’s symptoms, they can be part of a comprehensive approach to supporting overall health and wellness for children with ADHD.
What is the Prognosis?
30% of children with ADHD may outgrow their condition and do not require any treatment when they are adults. The majority of children with ADHD benefit from specialist treatments.
Your paediatrician or developmental paediatrician may refer you to Paediatric Neurologist for further neurological evaluation or investigations after your child’s diagnosis, and for the management of associated conditions such as Tics & Tourette Syndrome, Seizures & Epilepsy, or Developmental Delay.
If you have any further questions, you can schedule an appointment today with Dr Yeo.
If you have any further questions, you can schedule an appointment today with Dr Yeo.
